Special Effects

On this card you’ll learn a few more nice effects that you can achieve with CSS.

Shadows and movement

Let’s add a little movement when you hover your cursor over the cards you made earlier.

  • Find the .card:hover CSS class from earlier and change it to the following:
.card:hover {
    box-shadow: 0px 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}
  • Try out different values in the translate function!

The `transform` property

If you completed the Intermediate HTML/CSS Sushi Cards, you may remember using the transform property in some @keyframes animations. Here you see that you can also use the property on its own within a regular CSS block.

One kind of value you can set it to is rotate, to make an element turn. Others are translateY, which moves something up or down, and translateX, for movement from side to side.

  • Play about with different pixel values in the box-shadow property to see what they do.

What’s `rgba`?

rgba(0,0,0,0.2) is another way of defining a colour.

It’s got the usual three numbers (from 0 up to 255) for red, green, and blue.

The fourth number, called the alpha value, defines how transparent (or see-through) something is. It is a decimal number between 0 and 1, with 1 being not see-through at all, and 0 being completely invisible. This means the lower the alpha value of an element, the more see-through it is.

  • Finally, make the movement smooth by adding the following property to the .card class from earlier:
transition: all 0.2s ease-out;

A duration of 0.2s means the transition lasts for 0.2 seconds.

Another effect you’ve probably seen on loads of websites is lightbox: you click on something and the website dims while something else, like a bigger picture or a popup box, appears in front of everything.

Lightbox effect in action

To get this effect you will make two links: one for the actual lightbox (the bit that pops up), and one for the thing that you click to make the lightbox appear. I’m going to do mine on the Attractions page of my website. You go with whatever page you have pictures on!

  • Decide what things you want to appear when you click, and add them all to your page in between a set of a tags to make a link. Make sure you give the link an id. The code can go anywhere on the page: you will be making the elements invisible in the next step!
<a href="#_" class="lightbox" id="boxLemur">
    <h3>Lemur!!</h3>
    <img src="monkey-2223271_640.jpg" alt="Picture of a lemur" />
    <p>A lemur enjoying a little snack</p>
</a>

You can put anything you like in between the link tags. I’ve got a big picture, a heading, and some text. Maybe you just want a picture and no text!

  • Add the following CSS code for the lightbox. Can you work out what some of it does? 
    .lightbox{
    background: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
    color: #ffffff;
    text-align: center;
    text-decoration: none;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    position: fixed;
    visibility: hidden;
    z-index: 999;
}

Note: Setting the position property to fixed means the position you set will be relative to the browser window, so it will stay put when you scroll.

  • Next, decide what thing you want to click to make the lightbox appear, and add add a pair of a tags around that element (in my case it’s a smaller picture of a lemur). The target of the link will be the lightbox, which you set using the id. You might recognise this technique from earlier!
<a href="#boxLemur">
    <img src="monkey-2223271_640.jpg" class="mediumPics">
</a>
  • Finally add the following CSS code. Note that this is a pseudo-class; it should go after the code for the .lightbox class and not inside it!
.lightbox:target {
    visibility: visible;
}

The :target pseudo-class gets applied whenever the lightbox was the target of the last link clicked. So when you click anywhere, the visibility will be set back to hidden.

  • Try clicking your new link to see the lightbox appear! To make it go away, just click anywhere on the page.

You can add as many lightboxes as you want to a page. They can all use the same CSS class — just make sure each one has a different id! For each one, you need to make something on your webpage into a link that you can click to make the lightbox appear, and then use the id as the href value in that link, just as you’ve done above!

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